Guide To CNC Chuck Jaws: Soft Jaws vs. Hard Jaws
soft jaws are more adaptable but wear out faster, while hard jaws are more durable but less flexible for customizing the fit of the workpiece. ...
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The typical total indicator runout (TIR) for a good quality 3 jaw chuck is generally in the range of about 0.001" to 0.003" (0.025 to 0.076 mm). A runout of around 0.003" is considered workable for normal use, while achieving better than 0.001" is quite good. Many standard 3 jaw chucks advertise runout around 0.003" TIR.
In practice, lower-cost or worn 3 jaw chucks often have larger runout values, sometimes exceeding 0.010" or more, but higher quality or precision chucks aim to keep runout below 0.003". If extremely precise concentricity is required, a 4 jaw independent chuck or collet chuck is usually recommended instead of relying on a 3 jaw.
To summarize approximate typical indicators:
High quality new or well-maintained 3 jaw chuck: ~0.001" to 0.003" total indicator runout
Typical best achievable after jaw adjustments or dressing: ~0.0005" to 0.0025"
Runout beyond 0.010" is generally considered high and requires further adjustment or chuck replacement
Thus a commonly accepted practical range for total runout on a 3 jaw chuck is about 0.001" to 0.003".
If you require more precise centering, options include tuning the chuck jaws by grinding or shimming or switching to a 4 jaw independent chuck or collet chuck
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